Pendahuluan: Ada mata rantai yang sangat diperlukan dalam penelitian medis, yaitu eksperimen pada hewan. Menurut statistik yang tidak lengkap, jutaan hewan di seluruh dunia menjadi korban eksperimen ilmiah setiap tahun. Meski terdengar berdarah, itu juga merupakan proses yang harus dilalui oleh perkembangan medis. Namun, dengan perkembangan teknologi bioprinting 3D dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, beberapa konstruksi bioprinted diharapkan dapat mencapai penggantian fungsional jaringan hidup, dan secara bertahap mencapai tujuan penggantian hewan percobaan.
△In 2014, about 400,000 mice died in the laboratory
18 Februari 2022 Sebuah proyek yang didanai oleh Uni Eropa (UE)-sedang mengurangi pengujian hewan dalam penelitian medis eksperimental melalui bioprinting 3D. Dikoordinasikan oleh Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), proyek BRIGHTER (Bioprinting by Photolithography: Complex Tissue Engineering at High Resolution and Speed) sedang mengembangkan pendekatan baru untuk rekayasa jaringan dan proses bioprinting kedokteran regeneratif 3D untuk mengurangi penggunaan taksidermi di daerah-daerah ini. Catatan khusus, proyek ini berfokus pada fabrikasi kulit manusia menggunakan teknik bioprinting baru berdasarkan lembaran sinar laser berpola.
Professor Elena Martinez, coordinator of the BRIGHTER project, said: "Our innovative 3D bioprinting system not only achieves tissue closer to the real thing, but is also much faster than current systems, an essential factor in ensuring the viability of new tissue."
△ A small square containing a matrix of skin cells. Photo via IBEC.
Mengurangi pengujian hewan dengan pencetakan 3D
Teknologi bioprinting 3D telah berkembang pesat selama dekade terakhir, dengan langkah besar dalam mengembangkan jaringan spesifik-pasien yang layak. Sementara perkembangan ini menjanjikan untuk uji kemanjuran di masa depan, sebagian besar jaringan masih eksperimental, dan uji coba obat pada manusia masih beberapa dekade lagi. Namun, baik akademisi dan industri bekerja untuk mengubahnya, dengan pembuat bioprinter Swedia CELLINK berjanji untuk memajukan penelitiannya ke dalam model uji sel yang tidak berbahaya pada hewan dan menggunakan model kulit mini di Universitas Stuttgart untuk menguji kemanjuran obat kanker dengan tujuan untuk Menghilangkan percobaan hewan.
Elsewhere, Fluicell's Biopixlar platform has produced highly complex neural models that show potential for future clinical drug screening applications, while UpNano's NanoOne Bio system is focusing on the fabrication of cell culture microstructures that may have Helps reduce the number of animal experiments behind clinical trials.
△CELLINK has acquired in vitro technology specialist MatTek to create a harmless drug testing model. Photo via MatTek.
Alternatif yang lebih manusiawi untuk pengujian hewan
In addition to IBEC, the Goethe University Frankfurt, the Technion Center in Israel and the biotechnology companies Mycronic and Cellendes are also participating in the BRIGHTER project. The program hopes to overcome many of the technical barriers that currently limit the fabrication of complex human tissue. The partners are collaborating on the development of a novel light-sheet bioprinting process capable of producing complex and accurate in vitro models that can be used for cosmetic and drug testing in the pharmaceutical industry and research settings. To fine-tune the technology, the BRIGHTER team is working to 3D print human skin, a highly complex tissue composed of multiple cell types and structures, such as sweat glands and hair follicles. Hydrogels will form a key component of the bioprinting process, as they form the basis for cells to grow and form new tissues, and they can also be personalized using a patient's own cells. To print skin with the desired structure, shape, and consistency, the researchers are using advanced imaging techniques that combine illumination from light sheets and high-resolution digital masks. By applying the laser directly to the hydrogel, the cells within it can be "patterned" and shaped into the right shape, allowing the team to control the stiffness, shape and size of the 3D printed structures.
The ability to shape hydrogels at a high level is especially critical for successfully printing human skin, because this tissue is made up of many layers of cells of different types. According to the BRIGHTER team, their bioprinting process was also able to create the blood vessels of the printed tissue and enable the function of sebaceous and sweat glands, as well as hair follicles to grow hair. Dr Nuria Torras, a postdoctoral researcher at IBEC, said: "We hope to be able to print a skin sample with an area of 1 square centimeter and a thickness of 1 mm in about 10 minutes with a cell viability rate of over 95 percent , greatly improving current bioprinting conditions. "The BRIGHTER project hopes that successful printing of the in vitro skin model will validate its potential for use in pharmaceutical and research settings, and ultimately reduce animal testing for drug and cosmetic testing.
Teknologi Guangmai sangat terlibat dalam sumber cahaya yang sehat dan cerdas, menyediakan rangkaian lengkap produk dan solusi UVA UVB UVC LED, inframerah IR LED VCSEL ke pasar. Ini memiliki ratusan mitra-kualitas tinggi di pasar domestik dan luar negeri untuk bersama-sama mempromosikan penggunaan teknologi ringan untuk menciptakan kehidupan yang sehat dan cerdas. .
